From ultra to nanofiltration: A review on the fabrication of ZrO2 membranes

Zirconia (ZrO2) membranes experienced rapid progress in applications demanding high-stability own to their higher chemical resistance and hydrophilicity compared silica alumina. Moreover, ZrO2 have increased fouling resistance, high permeability, a long lifetime making them broadly applied drinking water production, wastewater treatment, petrochemical, food, beverages industries. However, fabricating for Nanofiltration Gas Separation is still challenging. This paper reviews the membranes, focusing on strategies achieving smaller pores without losing permeability selectivity. The current state of art commercial recent innovations academia are critically reviewed. A comprehensive revision sol-gel technique's critical synthesis process parameters presented along with most molecular layer deposition method. work aims provide guide both starting established researchers, thus filling gap present literature.